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Electrical help, please.

View attachment 138025
I believe this ( highlighted in purple) multi-stranded wire is grounded, and attached to the neutral bus bar.



I got this.
View attachment 138024

The root issue I have is this outlet. It will light the tester, but the outlet does not work. View attachment 138023



This panel services my detached garage. As it was when I moved in , the right side is all outlets. Left side is all lighting.

I pulled the wiring down from the ceiling and installed that outlet in order to split the grow room load across two breakers.

So as it is, the only thing really drawing from that branch is the 1K HPS. It was working just fine, when used in February.

Getting chilly these days. I need to get that outlet working. I saw the char marks and I know something is amiss.
That black taped wire is a neutral.
I do not see an incoming/isolated ground coming in. Only grounds from circuits to a screw in the box.
This still doesn't mean the box is technically grounded.
You should havs an additional ground wire going back to your main breaker panel where it would terminate at the main buss.
Only a main should have combined ground and neautrals.

To try not to cause more confusion lol, a 12/3 type romex wire has 4 conductors.
2 lines, 1 neutral and 1 bare ground.
 
Jewels,
The picture in post #11 of your overheads shows a 3-wire system.
The incoming power has three wires, 2 hots and a neutral.
That will be entering your weather head and going to your meter base through the conduit mast.
At the meter base the incoming neutral will be bonded (joined) to the grounding conductor that is connected to your ground rod.
From the meter base to the panel there will now be 4 conductors, 2 hots a neutral and a ground.
The same picture shows a free air cable that is traveling up the outside of your mast that is the feed to the lower overhead that feeds your remote sub-panel.
That shows that there are only 3 conductors in that overhead.
In a perfect world, there would be 4 conductors in that overhead, 2 hots, a neutral and a separate ground.
That is not the case here. If you care what to call that uninsulated overhead wire, you will need to follow the feed cable for the sub-panel back to the main panel and see where it is landed. Either on the neutral bus or the ground bus.
(But at that point they are electrically the same point, and it doesn't make a difference what we call it.)
The moral of the story is that it was very common at one point in history, to just use a 3 wire overhead to install a remote sub-panel. In fact, it was common to drive a separate ground rod to ground the sub-panel. This is not the currently approved method. It will create what is called ground loops, but that is a whole different topic.

All of that to say, that this has nothing to do with the fact that your light isn't working.
Is your out building's sub-panel wired up to current NEC code? No
Does that have anything to do with why your light is not working? No

So, how do we troubleshoot your light issue?
I would first recommend moving your light to a known functional outlet and see if your light works there.
This will prove if the problem is just in the light or in the outlet.
If the light works properly in a different outlet, then next I would use your meter as @M48 suggested to take voltage readings at the outlet in question.
Report back what you find, and we will go from there.

I hope that help clarify things. We'll get it figured out!

Cheers,
WillieP
 
I'll just give a quick example of a ground loop scenario.
This is a real world issue in my house from a previous "electrician " doin work "wrong".
When my washing machine is running in the wash cycle the overhead light in that room surges up and down slightly in brightness, this is caused by a "ground loop" situation where they didn't isolate the ground in the service box for the utility room. So the surging of the transmission in my washer loads the line through the motor back through the ground to the main instead of the neutral as it should.

,,I need to fix that lol.

Oh, and yes, Fluke is a great friend!
 
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